Soils
Here we go again.....

"The most thoroughly wasted of all days is that on which one has not laughed."
--Nicolas de Chamfort



Read the material on the following link, then answer the practice questions at the page bottom.

Once you've completed those (the answers are below the questions) then use the link labeled "assignment" for problems to be handed in tomorrow.


Succession


Click on the arrow to begin the animation. Note this is relative to trees.

1) Disturbance provides conditions for what?

2) What is meant by disturbance? Give two possible examples of disturbance relative to the environment.

3) Does a disturbance typically destroy everything completely? EXPLAIN your answer.

4) within 1 - 20 years, what is established?

5) Availability of seeds and environmental conditions determine what?

6) What are the pioneer species in the Pacific northwest?

7) What are pioneer species?

8) What is canopy closure?

9) What does canopy closure do to light, climate, and humidity?

10) Saprophytes and detrivores "like" what kind of environments?

11) What happens within 35 - 80 or 100 years in a forest recovering from a disturbance?

12) Rapid growth of pioneer tree species along with a dense stand may result in what?

13) How long does it take for maturation in a forest after a disturbance?

14) What happens to pioneer species during maturation?

15) During maturation, biological and environmental agents damage trees - and create what?

16) What is meant by vertical diversification?

17) What tree types grow into intermediate and co-dominant positions during vertical diversification?

18) What does vertical diversification do for other organisms?

19) What happens during horizontal diversification?

20) How long does horizontal diversification take to occur?

21) What happens to pioneer species during the shifting mosaic stage of development?

22) Describe vertical and horizontal development relative to diversity during the shifting mosaic stage.

23) What happens during the presence of a moderate disturbance within the stand during the shifting mosaic stage.



Part 2


24) What is a community?

25) Describe the process of succession.

26) What happens to natural communities during succession?

27) A community is made up of what?

28) Click the tab for "Primary succession." Write down what happens during each stage. Run the simulation using at least 3 different settings. How long does it take for succession to take for each?

29) Click on the tab for "Secondary Succession." Run the simulation. How long does it take for secondary succession to occur? Why?

30. Write down the stages of secondary succession, and what happens during each stage.

31. Take the quiz. Show the results to your teacher.




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Lowell Bailey

Bedford-North Lawrence High School
595 N. Stars Boulevard
Bedford
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